Mariah Carey (album)

Mariah Carey
Studio album by Mariah Carey
Released June 12, 1990 (U.S.)
Recorded December 1988–March 1990, Skyline Studios and Cove City Sound Studios Los Angeles, CA
Genre R&B, Soul, Pop
Length 46:41
Label Columbia
CK-45202
Producer Mariah Carey, Rhett Lawrence, Ric Wake, Narada Michael Walden, Ben Margulies, & Walter Afanasieff
Mariah Carey chronology
Mariah Carey
(1990)		 Emotions
(1991)
Singles from Mariah Carey
  1. "Vision of Love"
    Released: May 15, 1990
  2. "Love Takes Time"
    Released: September 9, 1990
  3. "Someday"
    Released: December 21, 1990
  4. "I Don't Wanna Cry"
    Released: April 25, 1991
  5. "There's Got to Be a Way"
    Released: May 6, 1991

Mariah Carey is the self-titled debut album by American singer Mariah Carey, released in the United States on June 12, 1990, by Columbia Records. Although sales of the album were initially slow, it made Carey very popular on American radio and in time became a worldwide success. The album was successful in most music markets, spending eleven non-consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and reached the top ten in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and United Kingdom. Five singles were released from the album, four of which became number one hits on the Hot 100, with most reaching the top-ten in various worldwide markets. The first single "Vision of Love" was critically lauded and is credited by contemporary music critics as bringing the use of Melisma to the 1990s. Carey became the first artist to have their first five singles top the Hot 100, of them four belonged to Mariah Carey.

Mariah Carey received generally positive reviews from music critics, and it became the best-selling album of 1991 in the United States. In Australia, the album finished sixth on the ARIA Charts end of 1991 top fifty albums. The album has sold 4,854,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan, which began couting sales post March 1, 1991. Mariah Carey was certified nine-times platinum, by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 15, 1999, denoting shipments of nine million copies across the United States. Despite its success in the United States, the album experienced moderate success in most European markets, a trend her albums would follow until her 1993 release, Music Box. In Canada, the album became an commercial success, where it was certified seven-times platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA). Worldwide, the album has sold over fifteen million copies.

Contents

Background

In 1988, Carey graduated from Harborfields High School in Greenlawn, New York. She was frequently absent because of her work as a demo singer for local recording studios; her classmates consequently gave her the nickname "Mirage".[1] Her work in the Long Island music scene gave her opportunities to work with musicians such as Gavin Christopher and Ben Margulies, with whom she co-wrote material for her demo tape. Soon after, she became a backup singer for Puerto Rican freestyle singer Brenda K. Starr.[2]

Although Carey was happy with her position at the time, Starr saw great potential in her and took her to a Sony Music executives party, hoping to pass her demo to one of the record label heads. Starr managed to give Carey's demo to "Sony Music" head, Tommy Mottola, the man who would soon become her husband.[2] After Carey left the gala, Mottola heard her demo and was so stunned by her brilliant voice, he tracked her down through Starr's manager. Soon after, Mottola signed Carey to Sony/Columbia and hired many big name producers to assist Carey (who had written all her own material alongside Ben Margulies) produce the album. During the recording of the album, Carey and Mottola became romantically involved and wed by 1993.[2]

Writing and development

Carey and Ben Margulies began writing prior to Carey's signing, and had composed over fourteen songs; seven of which earned a place on the album.[2] Originally, Carey and Margulies planned to produce the entire album as well, an idea her label didn't permit.[1] Believed to be the next global star, Sony Music executives hired a range of top of the line producers to ensure Carey's current and future songs would become hits. On the album, Carey worked with a range of producers and writers, including from Ben Margulies, Rhett Lawrence, Narada Michael Walden, Ric Wake and Walter Afanasieff, a writer who alongside Carey, would solely write and produce many of her future tracks. Seven of Carey and Margulies' tracks made the albums final cut.[2]

"I Don't Wanna Cry," featured production from American producer and drummer Narada Michael Walden, who assisted in the songs harmonica and guitars.[1] "There's Got to Be a Way," Carey's fifth and final single from the album, featured songwriting an production from Ric Wake, with several background vocals and musicians featured at the songs climax.[2] Rhett Lawrence served as an assistant songwriter, taking place in the formation of "You Need Me" and "Sent from up Above," two of the albums most soulful tracks.[2] Walter Afanasieff assisted with songwriting and production on Mariah Carey, but wasn't as involved until Carey's 1993 release Music Box. In future albums, Carey and Afanasieff would solely collaborate on many of her biggest records. However, in 1999, when Carey released Rainbow, it was speculated that he and Carey had parted ways during her divorce from Mottola, due to his sudden absence on the album.[2]

Critical reception

 Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
About.com 3.5/5 stars[3]
Allmusic 3.5/5 stars[4]
Billboard (Positive)[5]
Q 4/5 stars[6]
Robert Christgau (C)[7]
Rolling Stone (Positive)[8]

The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, many of them praising it for being a debut-album. Bill Lamb from About.com commented that "This is one of the most impressive debut albums in pop music history. The songs here dominated pop music radio in 1990, and 'Vision Of Love' is one of the best songs of Mariah's recording career." Lamb continued to praise the album and its singles, writing, "It is simply one of the most stunning debut releases ever by a pop recording artist."[3] Ashley S. Battel from Allmusic wrote that "This extremely impressive debut is replete with smooth-sounding ballads and uplifting dance/R&B cuts. Carey convincingly seizes many opportunities to display her incredible vocal range on such memorable tracks as the popular 'Vision of Love', the energetic 'Someday,' and the moody sounds of the hidden treasure 'Vanishing.' With this collection of songs acting as a springboard for future successes, Carey establishes a strong standard of comparison for other breakthrough artists of this genre."[4] Many critics expressed how Mariah Carey was one of the most impressive debuts of the year, praising its songs, lyrics and Carey's voice and songwriting.[9]

Billboard gave the album a very positive review calling it an "extremely impressive debut," and writing "Its replete with smooth-sounding ballads and uplifting dance/R&B cuts. Carey convincingly seizes many opportunities to display her incredible vocal range on such memorable tracks as the popular 'Vision of Love.'"[5] Rolling Stone gave the album praise writing "Carey debuted with an album of uplifting dance pop and R&B ballads, each song's composition co-credited to Carey and each providing an opportunity to unleash her wide vocal range."[8] American critic Robert Christgau gave the album a mixed review, writing, "She gets too political in her brave, young, idealistic attack on 'war, destitution and sorrow': 'Couldn't we accept each other/Can't we make ourselves aware.' Elsewhere she sticks to what she doesn't know—love.'[7] While reviewing the album positively, About.com expressed how some of the albums tracks were noticeably weak, writing "a few weak songs pull down the overall album." [3] Lamb's other concern was the albums "somewhat formulaic mix of uptempo tracks and ballads," which he felt caused the album to lose some of its authenticity.[3]

Chart performance

Mariah Carey entered the U.S. Billboard 200 at number eighty and entered the top twenty in its fourth week. It reached the number one position in its forty-third week, due to Carey's exposure at the 1991 Grammy Awards, and stayed there for eleven consecutive weeks - to date, the longest stay at number one in Carey's career. It remained in the top twenty for sixty-five weeks and on the Billboard 200 for 113 weeks.[10] Mariah Carey was certified nine-times platinum by the RIAA on December 15, 1999. The album has sold 4,854,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan, which began couting sales post March 1, 1991.[11] It is one of the best-selling debut albums in the country, having shipped nine million copies in the U.S. The album also became the best-selling album of 1991 in the United States.[12] Worldwide, the album has sold over fifteen million copies.[13]

Mariah Carey was moderately successful for a debut album outside the U.S.. It experienced the most success in Canada, where it topped the chart for a week and went 7x platinum.[14] The album peaked at number six in the United Kingdom and Australia; being certified platinum in the United Kingdom and spending thirty-six weeks in the top seventy-five, and in Australia, where it went double-platinum. Its success in Brazil and most European markets was limited.[10] In Australia, the album finished sixth on the ARIA Charts end of 1991 top-fifty albums.[15]

The singles released from Mariah Carey were moderately successful in most music markets but became very popular in the U.S.. "Vision of Love" became the first Billboard Hot 100 number one hit for Carey, and topped the charts in Canada and New Zealand. "Love Takes Time" reached number one in both the U.S. and Canada, but was only a moderate success in other markets and in some, such as the United Kingdom, where it barely scathed the top-forty. "Someday" became Carey's third number one in the U.S. but only reached the top five in Canada, and little impact elsewhere. "I Don't Wanna Cry" tied Carey with The Jackson 5 as the act to have their first four singles reach number one in the U.S., but again had minimal success in other markets except Canada, where it peaked within the top ten.[10] "There's Got to Be a Way" was released in select European countries such as the United Kingdom, where it missed the top-forty. A fifth single, "Prisoner", was scheduled for release in the U.S. after "I Don't Wanna Cry", but because of the impending release of Carey's second album Emotions, it was not released.[10]

Mariah Carey was nominated for the 1991 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, while "Vision of Love" received nominations in the categories of Song of the Year, Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Carey won for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and also received the award for Best New Artist.[10]

Singles

"Vision of Love" was the first single released from the album and became one of the most popular and critically praised songs of Carey's career.[16] It topped the charts in Canada, New Zealand and the United States and reached the top-ten in most markets across the globe. The song received critical acclaim and is credited with popularizing the use of Melisma throughout the 90s, as well as starting the careers of many young pop stars.[16] "Love Takes Time" served as the album's second single, reached the top position in the United States, but didn't fair as well in other European markets. While it managed to top the charts in Canada as well, it barely scraped the top-ten in New Zealand and peaked outside the top-twenty in most other countries. Critics were pleased with "Love Takes Time" but felt the difference between Carey's first single and her next was obvious.[16] "Someday", the albums third single followed the similar pattern left by "Love Takes Time," but faired better on American radio stations, due to its "upbeat and powerful nature."[16] "Someday" finished 13th in Billboard's Top 100 - 1991, achieving far more success that "Love Takes Time" (1990 - 76) (1991 - 69)[17][18] "I Don't Wanna Cry", the albums final single in the United States also reached the charts summit, without any promotion or live performances. In fact, the song wasn't performed live until Carey's Music Box Tour (1993), where she debuted the song.[16] Critics praised the song, calling it a "sultry and brilliant composition of melodies," but again, the song achieved minimal success outside of Canada and the United States.[16] Carey became the first artist to have their first five singles top the Hot 100, of them four belonged to Mariah Carey.[3]

Promotion

Mariah Carey performing Vision of Love in Tampa, Florida on August 7, 2006.

Aside from the heavy marketing and promotional campaign held by Sony Music, Carey visited many television talk shows and award ceremonies, stateside and throughout Europe.[19] Carey's first live television appearance was on The Arsenio Hall Show, where she sang "Vision of Love" and "Love Takes Time" in front of 3,000 guest viewers. In September 1990, Carey appeared on Good Morning America where she performed an acapella version of "Vision of Love," alongside a duo of male backup singers.[20] "Vision of Love" was performed on various other American television programs such as the 1991 Grammy Awards and The Oprah Winfrey Show (1992), as well as many European programs such as The Veronica Countdown (The Netherlands), Wogan Show (United Kingdom) and performed live in Sweden for the first time.[19] Carey has performed "Vision of Love" on most of her tours, and remains one of her most performed songs. "Vision of Love" has been present on Carey's musical repertoire throughout her entire career, up until her 2010 Angels' Advocate Tour, where the song remained absent from her set-list.[19]

Promotion for the album continued with Carey's follow up singles. "Love Takes Time" was performed in Sweden, "The Arsenio all Show" as well as Carey's televised performance at "The Tattoo Club."[19] Carey's third single for Mariah Carey, "Someday," was performed at the 1991 American Music Awards which helped it reach number one in the United States. Carey's fourth single "I Don't Wanna Cry" reached the top of the Hot 100 without any immediate promotion, as Carey hadn't performed the song until her Music Box Tour.[19] As promotion for Mariah Carey ended, Sony released a fifth single "There's Got to Be a Way," in select European markets.[19] The singles on Mariah Carey gave Carey enough exposure to sell millions of records without the need of many public appearances or tours.[19]

Most of the albums singles were performed live throughout Carey's short debut tour, Music Box Tour, including even a few never performed tracks. "I Don't Wanna Cry" was also performed on Carey's Asian and European Daydream World Tour (1996), which were the last times the song was performed live.[21] Mariah Carey's music videos revolved around similar ideas such as, soulful and powerful imagery, colorful scenery and cloudy effects and many young dancers.[19] The albums music videos received heavy rotation on MTV, VH1 and BET, helping the singles stay atop the charts and radio stations.[19]

Legacy

Mariah Carey was heralded as "One of the most impressive debut albums in pop music history."[3] Allmusic wrote that "This extremely impressive debut is replete with smooth-sounding ballads and uplifting dance/R&B cuts. Carey convincingly seizes many opportunities to display her incredible vocal range on such memorable tracks as the popular "Vision of Love." The album received comparison to other albums from artists such as Aretha Franklin and Whitney Houston and called it a "remarkable album."[22] Another common praise was Carey's songwriting, which was described as "brilliant and beyond her years," separating Carey from most artists who didn't write their own material.[22] While Mariah Carey hailed as one of the most impressive debuts in history, it was really "Vision of Love" that received universal acclaim.[22]

"Vision of Love" was nominated for three 1991 Grammy Awards: Best Female Pop Vocal Performance (which it won), Record of the Year and Song of the Year.[23] The song received the Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single, Female and a Songwriter Award at the BMI Pop Awards.[24] Entertainment Weekly wrote in 2005, "from those opening sci-fi-esque synths to that signature dog-whistle high note, Mariah's very first single is inspired."[25] The Village Voice said that "Vision of Love" is the song that set off the melisma trend.[26] In 2006, The New Yorker named the song "the Magna Carta of melisma" for it and Carey's influence on R&B singers and American Idol contestants.[27] Also Rolling Stone said that "the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "Vision of Love", inspired the entire American Idol vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the nineties."[28] Slant Magazine critic also said "I think ["Vision of Love"] was a vision of the future world of American Idol."[29] About.com said that "'Vision of Love' is one of the best songs of Mariah's recording career [...] It is simply one of the most stunning debut releases ever by a pop recording artist."[30]

"Vision of Love" inspired countless young talents, including R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles, who said that she began doing vocal "runs" after listening to the song for the first time,[27] and pop singer Mikaila said that the song is what made her want to sing. American rapper Snoop Dogg has said that while he stayed in jail, he remembers the single being the number one song in the country, as well as the song giving him hope and happiness as he served his sentence. Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera also credited "Vision of Love" with encouraging them to pursue their careers in pop music, as well as inspiring them to become singers.[22] Critics hailed the song as being a breakthrough song for Carey's career and credit it with propelling her future records to number one, as well as boosting her to "super-stardom."[22]

Track listing

No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length
1. "Vision of Love"   Mariah Carey, Ben Margulies Rhett Lawrence 3:30
2. "There's Got to Be a Way"   M. Carey, Ric Wake R. Wake 4:53
3. "I Don't Wanna Cry"   M. Carey, Narada Michael Walden R. Wake 4:48
4. "Someday"   M. Carey, B. Margulies B. Margulies 4:08
5. "Vanishing"   M. Carey, B. Margulies M. Carey 4:12
6. "All in Your Mind"   M. Carey, B. Margulies R. Lawrence 4:45
7. "Alone in Love"   M. Carey, B. Margulies N. M. Walden 4:12
8. "You Need me"   M. Carey, R. Lawrence R. Lawrence 3:51
9. "Sent from up Above"   M. Carey, R. Lawrence R. Wake 4:04
10. "Prisoner"   M. Carey, B. Margulies R. M. Walden 4:24
11. "Love Takes Time"   M. Carey, B. Margulies R. Wake 3:49

Album credits

Personnel
  • Mariah Carey – vocals, background vocals
  • Ben Margulies – drums, keyboards, programming
  • Narada Michael Walden – drums
  • Ren Klyce – line drums, Fairlight programming,
  • Joe Franco – drums, percussion, drum programming
  • Ric Wake – drum programming
  • Omar Hakim – drums
  • Jimmy Rip – guitars
  • Chris Camozzi – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
  • David Williams – guitars
  • Michael Landau – guitars
  • Vernon Reid – guitars
  • Nile Rodgers – guitars
  • Rhett Lawrence – keyboards
  • Louis Biancaniello – keyboards, bass, programming, rhythm programming
  • Richard Tee – piano
  • Marcus Miller – bass
  • Walter Afanasieff – synth horns, keyboards, synthesizers, synth bass
  • Billy T. Scott – background vocals
  • The Billy T. Scott Emsemble – background vocals
  • Fonzie Thornton – background vocals
Production
  • Mariah Carey – arranger, vocal arrangements
  • Ben Margulies – arranger
  • Chris Toland – arranger, additional engineering
  • Walter Afanasieff – arranger
  • Narada Michael Walden – arranger, additional production, rhythm arrangement
  • Ric Wake – additional arrangement
  • Rich Tancredi – additional arrangement
  • Patrick Dillett – engineer, recording, mixing
  • Bob Cadway – engineer, recording, mixing
  • Rhett Lawrence – recording, mixing, arranger
  • Dana Jon Chappelle – engineer, mixing, additional engineering
  • Manny LaCarrubba – additional engineering
  • Larry Alexander – mixing
  • Bob Ludwig – mastering, Masterdisk
  • Howie Weisburg – mastering, Masterdisk
  • Tommy Mottola – executive producer

Charts and certifications

Charts

Chart Peak
position
Australian Kent Music Report[31] 6
Canadian RPM Albums Chart[32] 1
Dutch Albums Chart[33] 5
French Albums Chart[34] 17
German Albums Chart[35] 24
Hungarian Albums Chart[36] 35
Japanese Albums Chart[37] 13
New Zealand Albums Chart[33] 4
Norwegian Albums Chart[33] 4
Spanish Albums Chart[38] 35
Swedish Albums Chart[33] 8
Swiss Albums Chart[33] 15
UK Albums Chart[39] 6
U.S. Billboard 200[40] 1
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums[41] 3

Certifications

Country (Provider) Certification
(sales thresholds)
Australia (ARIA) 2× Platinum[31]
Canada (CRIA) 7× Platinum[42]
Netherlands (NVPI) Platinum[43]
New Zealand (RIANZ) 4× Platinum[44]
Spain (PROMUSICAE) Gold[38]
Sweden (IFPI) Platinum[45]
Switzerland (IFPI) Gold[46]
United Kingdom (BPI) Platinum[47]
United States (RIAA) 9× Multi-Platinum.[48]

Singles

Year Single Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales thresholds)
US
[49]		 US R&B
[50]		 AUS
[51]		 CAN
[42]		 FRA
[52]		 GER
[53]		 NL
[54]		 NZ
[55]		 SWI
[56]		 UK
[39]
1990 "Vision of Love" 1 1 9 1 25 17 8 1 24 9
"Love Takes Time" 1 1 14 1 — 57 24 9 — 37
1991 "Someday" 1 3 44 5 38 — 29 14 — 38
"I Don't Wanna Cry" 1 2 49 7 — — — 13 — — —
"There's Got to Be a Way" — — — — — — — — — 54 —
"—" denotes releases that did not chart or was not released.
Preceded by
To the Extreme by Vanilla Ice		 U.S. Billboard 200 number-one album
March 2, 1991 – May 17, 1991		 Succeeded by
Out of Time by R.E.M.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shapiro 2001, p. 99-105
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Nickson 1998, p. 25-29
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Lamb, Bill (1990). "About.com: Top 40/Pop". About.com. The New York Times Company. http://top40.about.com/od/reviews/gr/mcareyfirst.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (1990-08-11). "Mariah Carey". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3ifwxqw5ldke. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Mariah Carey - Mariah Carey". Billboard Magazine. http://www.billboard.com/#/album/mariah-carey/mariah-carey/3767/review. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  6. ↑ Ross, Jonathan (July 2001). "Mariah Carey: Mariah Carey review". Q magazine: 131. ISSN 4858679. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Christgau, Robert. "Robert Christgau CG: Mariah Carey". Robert Christgau Official Website. http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=877. Retrieved 2010-08-16. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Shewey, Don (1990-09-29). "Mariah Carey: Music Reviews". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/mariah-carey. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  9. ↑ Nickson 1998, p. 29-34
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Nickson 1998, p. 35-38
  11. ↑ "Ask Billboard: Madonna vs. Whitney ... vs. Mariah". Billboard magazine. 2009-08-21. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-vs-mariah-1004005695.story. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 
  12. ↑ "The Billboard 200 - Year-End Charts - 1991". Billboard magazine. 1991-12-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20071211064035/www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+200&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1991. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  13. ↑ "BET.com Exclusive: Mariah Celebrates 20 Years; Thanks Fans". Black Entertainment Television. http://www.bet.com/entertainment/News/mariahtwenty.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished&Referrer=%7B1165D08F-7604-4004-92E0-04CCBC1FAAF0%7D. Retrieved 2010-08-15. 
  14. ↑ "Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA)". Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://cria.ca/cert_db_search.php?page=2&wclause=WHERE+artist_name+like+%27%25mariah+carey%25%27+AND+%28+cert_search+%3D+1+OR+cert_search+%3D+2+OR+cert_search+%3D+5+OR+cert_search+%3D+6+OR+cert_search+%3D+7+OR+cert_search+%3D+8+%29+ORDER+BY+cert_date%2C+cert_award+&rcnt=48&csearch=0&nextprev=1. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 
  15. ↑ "ARIA Charts - End Of Year Charts - Top 50 Albums 1991". Australian Recording Industry Association. 1991-12-03. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-50albums-1991.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Shapiro 2001, p. 112-116
  17. ↑ "Billboard Top 100 - 1990". Billboard Magazine. 1990. http://longboredsurfer.com/charts/1990.php. Retrieved 2010-08-12. 
  18. ↑ "Billboard Top 100 - 1991". Billboard Magazine. 1990. http://longboredsurfer.com/charts/1991.php. Retrieved 2010-08-12. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 Shapiro 2001, p. 120-123
  20. ↑ Nickson 1998, p. 39
  21. ↑ Nickson 1998, p. 40
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Shapiro 2001, p. 126-128
  23. ↑ "Mariah Carey". http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-c/mariahcarey_main.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  24. ↑ "MariahCarey.com". Mariahcarey.com news.awards. http://mariahcarey.com/news/awards.php. 
  25. ↑ Slezak, Michael (December 15, 2005). "Gem Carey". EW.com. Entertainment Weekly and Time Inc.. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/commentary/0,6115,1048283_4_0_,00.html. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  26. ↑ ""Vision of Love" sets off melisma trend". The Village Voice. February 4, 2003 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Frere-Jones, Sasha (April 3, 2006). "On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career". The New Yorker. CondéNet. http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music. Retrieved 2010-08-15. 
  28. ↑ "The 100 Greatest Singer of All Time : Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. November 12, 2008. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/greatestsingers/page/79. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  29. ↑ Juzwiak, Rich. "Slant Magazine - Behind the Caterwaul: A Mariah Carey Retrospective". Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/features/behindthecaterwaul.asp. 
  30. ↑ Lamb, Bill. "'Mariah Carey'". About.com. http://top40.about.com/od/reviews/gr/mcareyfirst.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Kent, David (2003). Australian Chart Book 1970-1992. ISBN 0-646-11917-6. 
  32. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 53, No. 20, April 20 1991". RPM. RPM Music Publications Ltd. 1984-03-10. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.1497&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=4dp17sl7hp9qmhhj3vmcenr836. Retrieved 2010-03-11. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 "Mariah Carey - Mariah Carey - World Charts". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Mariah+Carey&cat=a. Retrieved 2010-08-13. 
  34. ↑ "Chart Positions - Mariah Carey". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  35. ↑ "Chart Information - Mariah Carey". Media Control Charts. http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  36. ↑ "Mariah Carey Charts". Mahasz. http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  37. ↑ "Million Sellers - Chart data - Mariah Carey". Oricon. http://www.oricon.co.jp/. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 8480486392. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "ChartStats – Mariah Carey". The Official Charts Company. Chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=571. Retrieved 2010-08-13. 
  40. ↑ "Billboard Top 200 Albums". Billboard Magazine. 1991-03-02. http://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200#/charts/billboard-200?chartDate=1991-03-02. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  41. ↑ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week Ending October 20, 1990". Billboard Magazine. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1990-10-20. http://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200#/album/mariah-carey/mariah-carey/3767. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Gold and Platinum - Mariah Carey". Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  43. ↑ "Dutch Certifications Database – Mariah Carey". Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=61112&documentid=1237498&zoekform=60463&formposted=yes. Retrieved 2010-03-11. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966-2006. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8. 
  45. ↑ "IFPI Sweden Certifications 1987-1998". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  46. ↑ "Swiss Award - Mariah Carey". Swiss Music Charts. 2006. http://swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=mariah+carey. Retrieved 2010-08-13. 
  47. ↑ "BPI - Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-13. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 "Mariah Carey - Mariah Carey". Recording Industry Association of America. 1999-12-15. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS. Retrieved 2010-08-13. 
  49. ↑ "Billboard - Artists - Mariah Carey". Billboard Magazine. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/48340. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  50. ↑ "Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs". Billboard Magazine. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/48340?f=367&g=Singles. Retrieved 2010-08-14. 
  51. ↑ "Australian Charts > Mariah Carey". australian-charts.com Hung Medien. http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  52. ↑ "French Charts > Mariah Carey" (in French). lescharts.com Hung Medien. http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  53. ↑ "Chartverfolgung/Carey, Mariah/Single" (in German). musicline.de PhonoNet. http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Carey%2CMariah/single?sort=entry. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  54. ↑ "Dutch Top 40 > Mariah Carey". Stichting Nederlands Top 40. http://www.top40.nl/search.aspx?keyword=mariah%20carey. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  55. ↑ "New Zealand Charts > Mariah Carey". charts.org.nz Hung Medien. http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  56. ↑ "Swiss Charts > Mariah Carey" (in German). hitparade.ch Hung Medien. http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  57. ↑ "All I Want For Christmas Is You | Mariah Carey". Mtv.co.uk. http://www.mtv.co.uk/shows/mtv-official-countdowns/episode/mariah-carey-official-top-20. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 

References

  • Nickson, Chris (1998). Mariah Carey revisited: her story. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312195120. 
  • Shapiro, Marc (2001). Mariah Carey: The Unauthorized Biography. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1550224443. 
Mariah Carey
Albums · Singles · Videography · Tours · Awards and nominations
Studio albums
Mariah Carey · Emotions · Music Box · Merry Christmas · Daydream  · Butterfly · Rainbow · Glitter · Charmbracelet · The Emancipation of Mimi · E=MC² · Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel · Merry Christmas II You
Live albums
MTV Unplugged
Compilation albums
#1's · Valentines · Greatest Hits · The Remixes · The Ballads · Playlist: The Very Best of Mariah Carey · LoveSongs
Video albums
The First Vision · MTV Unplugged +3 · Here Is Mariah Carey · Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden · Around the World · #1's · The Adventures of Mimi
Tours
Music Box Tour · Daydream World Tour · Butterfly World Tour · Rainbow World Tour · Charmbracelet World Tour · The Adventures of Mimi Tour · Angels Advocate Tour
Filmography
The Bachelor · Glitter · WiseGirls · Ally McBeal · State Property 2 · You Don't Mess with the Zohan · Tennessee · Precious
Related articles
Crave Records · MonarC Entertainment · Mariah Carey Wish Icon Award · M by Mariah Carey · Luscious Pink · Forever
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